Development Status
- 5 - Production/Stable
Intended Audience
- Developers
Programming Language
- C++
- Python :: 3 :: Only
- Python :: 3
- Python :: 3.9
- Python :: 3.10
- Python :: 3.11
- Python :: 3.12
- Python :: 3.13
- Python :: 3.14
- Python
RapidJSON is an extremely fast C++ JSON parser and serialization library: this module wraps it into a Python 3 extension, exposing its serialization/deserialization (to/from either bytes, str or file-like instances) and JSON Schema validation capabilities.
Latest version documentation is automatically rendered by Read the Docs.
Getting Started
First install python-rapidjson:
$ pip install python-rapidjson
or, if you prefer Conda:
$ conda install -c conda-forge python-rapidjson
Basic usage looks like this:
>>> import rapidjson
>>> data = {'foo': 100, 'bar': 'baz'}
>>> rapidjson.dumps(data)
'{"foo":100,"bar":"baz"}'
>>> rapidjson.loads('{"bar":"baz","foo":100}')
{'bar': 'baz', 'foo': 100}
>>>
>>> class Stream:
... def write(self, data):
... print("Chunk:", data)
...
>>> rapidjson.dump(data, Stream(), chunk_size=5)
Chunk: b'{"foo'
Chunk: b'":100'
Chunk: b',"bar'
Chunk: b'":"ba'
Chunk: b'z"}'
Most functionalities are exposed both as functions and as classes.
The following uses a relaxed syntax Decoder instance, that handles JSONC and trailing commas:
>>> from rapidjson import Decoder
>>> from rapidjson import PM_COMMENTS, PM_TRAILING_COMMAS
>>> decoder = Decoder(parse_mode=PM_COMMENTS | PM_TRAILING_COMMAS)
>>> decoder('''
... {
... "bar": /* Block comment */ "baz",
... "foo":100, // Trailing comma and comment
... }
... ''')
{'bar': 'baz', 'foo': 100}
Development
If you want to install the development version (maybe to contribute fixes or enhancements) you may clone the repository:
$ git clone --recursive https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson.git
A set of makefiles implement most common operations, such as build, check and release; see make help output for a list of available targets.
Performance
python-rapidjson tries to be as performant as possible while staying compatible with the json module.
See this section in the documentation for a comparison with other JSON libraries.
Incompatibility
Although we tried to implement an API similar to the standard library json, being a strict drop-in replacement in not our goal and we have decided to depart from there in some aspects. See this section in the documentation for further details.
Changes
1.22 (2025-10-21)
Generate wheels on PyPI using Python 3.14 final release, thanks to cibuildwheel 3.2.1
1.21 (2025-07-10)
Use current master version of rapidjson, thanks to Kyle Gottfried (although I didn’t merge his PR #224)
Recompute comparison table with latest versions of other libraries, using Python 3.13
Typing stubs: specify default value for stream argument of Encoder.__call__() (issue #215)
Use more recent OS images on GH Actions to test and build wheels
1.20 (2024-08-05)
Rectify type hints of loads() and Decoder.__call__() (issue #214)
Ensure Validator receives valid UTF-8 bytes/bytearray arguments
Generate wheels on PyPI using Python 3.13.0rc1 release, thanks to cibuildwheel 2.20.0
1.19 (2024-07-28)
Properly dump subclasses of float with custom __repr__() method ( issue #213)
1.18 (2024-06-29)
Expose PEP-484 typing stubs, thanks to Rodion Kosianenko and GoodWasHere (PR #204)
1.17 (2024-05-18)
Use current master version of rapidjson
Generate wheels on PyPI using Python 3.13b1 release, thanks to cibuildwheel 2.18.0
1.16 (2024-02-28)
Produce Python 3.8 wheels again, I deactivated it too eagerly, it’s in security fixes only mode, not yet reached its end-of-life state
1.15 (2024-02-28)
Honor the recursion limit also at parse time, to avoid attacks as described by CVE-2024-27454
1.14 (2023-12-14)
Produce binary wheels for macOS/arm64, thanks to timothyjlaurent (PR #195)
1.13 (2023-10-29)
Fix handling of write_mode in dump functions (problem emerged discussing issue #191)
1.12 (2023-10-07)
Generate wheels on PyPI using final Python 3.12 release, thanks to cibuildwheel 2.16.2
1.11 (2023-09-11)
Use current master version of rapidjson
Use cibuildwheel 2.15.0
1.10 (2023-03-15)
Use current master version of rapidjson
Produce ppc64le wheels, thanks to mgiessing (PR #170)
Use cibuildwheel 2.12.1
1.9 (2022-10-17)
Produce Python 3.11 wheels, thanks to cibuildwheel 2.11.1
1.8 (2022-07-07)
Fix problem on macOS explicitly requiring C++11, thanks to agate-pris (issue #166)
1.7 (2022-07-06)
Use current master version of rapidjson
Update the test suite to work on Pyston, thanks to Kevin Modzelewski (PR #161)
1.6 (2022-02-19)
Fix memory leak when using end_array (issue #160)
1.5 (2021-10-16)
Fix serialization bug when using DM_UNIX_TIME in a non-C locale context
1.4 (2021-06-25)
Build binary wheel for aarch64, thanks to odidev (PR #156)
1.3 (2021-06-25)
Yet another attempt to fix automatic wheels upload
1.2 (2021-06-25)
Fix automatic wheels upload from GH Actions to PyPI
1.1 (2021-06-25)
Reduce decoder memory consumption by uniquifiying keys in the loaded dictionaries
Implement an alternative way of transmogrify JSON objects, similar to json‘s object_pairs_hook load option (issue #154)
1.0 (2020-12-13)
Require Python 3.6 or greater
New serialization options, iterable_mode and mapping_mode, to give some control on how generic iterables and mappings get encoded (fix issue #149 and issue #150)
Internal refactorings, folding “skipkeys” and “sort_keys” arguments into the mapping_mode options, respectively as MM_SKIP_NON_STRING_KEYS and MM_SORT_KEYS: “old” arguments kept for backward compatibility
Bump major version to 1, tag as “production/stable” and switch to a simpler X.Y versioning schema
0.9.4 (2020-11-16)
Fix memory leak loading an invalid JSON (issue #148)
0.9.3 (2020-10-24)
Fix access to Encoder instance attributes (issue #147)
0.9.2 (2020-10-24)
Use current master version of rapidjson
Enable GH Actions-based test workflow, thanks to Martin Thoma (PR #143)
Produce Python 3.9 wheels, disable testing under Python < 3.6
Make the character used for indentation in pretty mode a parameter (issue #135)
Handle wider precision range in timestamps fractional seconds (PR 133), thanks to Karl Seguin
Add comparison benchmarks against orjson and hyperjson (issue #130 and PR #131, thanks to Sebastian Pipping)
0.9.1 (2019-11-13)
Fix memory leak in case of failed validation (issue #126)
0.9.0 (2019-11-13)
Produce Python 3.8 wheels
Compatibility fix for Python 3.8 (issue #125)
New dump option write_mode, supporting RapidJSON’s kFormatSingleLineArray option (issue #123), thanks to Nguyễn Hồng Quân for the initial implementation (PR #124)
0.8.0 (2019-08-09)
New serialization option bytes_mode to control how bytes instances get encoded (issue #122)
0.7.2 (2019-06-09)
Hopefully fix the memory leak when loading from a stream (issue #117)
0.7.1 (2019-05-11)
Raise a more specific exception on loading errors, JSONDecodeError, instead of generic ValueError (issue #118)
Fix optimization path when using OrderedDicts (issue #119)
Fix serialization of IntEnums (issue #121)
I spent quite a lot of time investigating on the memory leak when loading from a stream (issue #117): as I was not able to fully replicate the problem, I cannot be sure I solved the problem… sorry!
0.7.0 (2019-02-11)
Raise correct exception in code samples (PR #109), thanks to Thomas Dähling
Fix compilation with system-wide install of rapidjson (issue #110)
Use current master version of rapidjson, that includes a fix for its issue #1368 and issue #1336, and cures several compilation warnings as well (issue #112 and issue #107)
Fix memory leak when using object_hook (issue #115)
0.6.3 (2018-07-11)
No visible changes, but now PyPI carries binary wheels for Python 3.7.
0.6.2 (2018-06-08)
Use a more specific ValidationError, to differentiate from invalid JSON
0.6.1 (2018-06-06)
Nothing new, attempt to build Python 3.6 binary wheels on Travis CI
0.6.0 (2018-06-06)
Add a new comparison table involving ensure_ascii (issue #98)
Use Python’s repr() to emit float values instead of rapidjson’s dtoa() (issue #101)
Use a newer (although unreleased) version of rapidjson to fix an issue with JSONSchema validation (PR #103), thanks to Anthony Miyaguchi
0.5.2 (2018-03-31)
Tiny tweak to restore macOS build on Travis CI
0.5.1 (2018-03-31)
Minor tweaks to CI and PyPI deploy configuration
0.5.0 (2018-03-31)
0.4.3 (2018-01-14)
Deserialize from bytes and bytearray instances, ensuring they contain valid UTF-8 data
Speed up parsing of floating point numbers, avoiding intermediary conversion to a Python string (PR #94)
0.4.2 (2018-01-09)
Fix precision handling of DM_UNIX_TIME timestamps
0.4.1 (2018-01-08)
Fix memory leaks in Decoder() and Encoder() classes, related to bad handling of PyObject_GetAttr() result value
Fix compatibility with Python 3.7a
0.4.0 (2018-01-05)
0.3.2 (2017-12-21)
Reduce compiler warnings (issue #87)
0.3.1 (2017-12-20)
Fix Travis CI recipe to accomodate MacOS
0.3.0 (2017-12-20)
Fix compilation on MacOS (issue #78)
Handle generic iterables (PR #89)
Backward incompatibility: the dumps() function and the Encoder() constructor used to accept a max_recursion_depth argument, to control the maximum allowed nesting of Python structures; since the underlying function is now effectively recursive, it has been replaced by the generic sys.setrecursionlimit() mechanism
0.2.7 (2017-12-08)
Restore compatibility with Python < 3.6
0.2.6 (2017-12-08)
Fix memory leaks when using object_hook/start_object/end_object
0.2.5 (2017-09-30)
0.2.4 (2017-09-17)
Fix compatibility with MacOS/clang
0.2.3 (2017-08-24)
Limit the precision of DM_UNIX_TIME timestamps to six decimal digits
0.2.2 (2017-08-24)
Nothing new, attempt to fix production of Python 3.6 binary wheels
0.2.1 (2017-08-24)
Nothing new, attempt to fix production of Python 3.6 binary wheels
0.2.0 (2017-08-24)
0.1.0 (2017-08-16)
Remove beta status
0.1.0b4 (2017-08-14)
Make execution of the test suite on Appveyor actually happen
0.1.0b3 (2017-08-12)
Exclude CI configurations from the source distribution
0.1.0b2 (2017-08-12)
Fix Powershell wheel upload script in appveyor configuration
0.1.0b1 (2017-08-12)
Compilable with somewhat old g++ (issue #69)
Backward incompatibilities:
all DATETIME_MODE_XXX constants have been shortened to DM_XXX DATETIME_MODE_ISO8601_UTC has been renamed to DM_SHIFT_TO_UTC
all UUID_MODE_XXX constants have been shortened to UM_XXX
New option DM_UNIX_TIME to serialize date, datetime and time values as UNIX timestamps targeting issue #61
New option DM_NAIVE_IS_UTC to treat naïve datetime and time values as if they were in the UTC timezone (also for issue #61)
New keyword argument number_mode to use underlying C library numbers
Binary wheels for GNU/Linux and Windows on PyPI (one would hope: this is the reason for the beta1 release)
0.0.11 (2017-03-05)
Fix a couple of refcount handling glitches, hopefully targeting issue #48.
0.0.10 (2017-03-02)
Fix source distribution to contain all required stuff (PR #64)