Idiomatic Protocol Buffers for Python.
Project Links
Meta
Requires Python: >=3.10
Classifiers
Development Status
- 3 - Alpha
Intended Audience
- Developers
Operating System
- OS Independent
Programming Language
- Python :: 3
- Python :: 3 :: Only
- Python :: 3.10
- Python :: 3.11
- Python :: 3.12
- Python :: 3.13
- Python :: 3.14
- Python :: Free Threading
Topic
- File Formats
- Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Typing
- Typed
protobuf-py
protobuf-py is an ergonomic and modern Protobuf library for Python.
Well-typed, generated code you can read. High-performance encoder/decoder written in Rust. 100% conformance.
Zero third-party dependencies or tooling required.
from gen.user_pb import User
# Messages are plain Python objects: pass fields as keyword args, or set them later.
user = User(id="123", first_name="Alice")
user.last_name = "Smith"
# Serialize to the Protobuf wire format, then parse it back.
data = user.to_binary()
user = User.from_binary(data)
print(user.first_name) # Alice
print(user.to_json()) # {"id": "123", "firstName": "Alice", "lastName": "Smith"}
Protobuf is the easiest way to build APIs. We recommend using it with Connect for Python, which generates server stubs for you:
from connectrpc.request import RequestContext
from gen.user_connect import UserService, UserServiceASGIApplication
from gen.user_pb import GetUserRequest, GetUserResponse, User
class UserHandler(UserService):
async def get_user(
self, request: GetUserRequest, ctx: RequestContext
) -> GetUserResponse:
user = User(id=request.id, first_name="Alice", last_name="Smith")
return GetUserResponse(user=user)
# Serve it with any ASGI server, e.g. `uvicorn server:app`.
app = UserServiceASGIApplication(UserHandler())
Connect can also generate client libraries for every major language, including your frontend. Here's what the generated Python client looks like:
from gen.user_connect import UserServiceClient
from gen.user_pb import GetUserRequest
client = UserServiceClient("http://localhost:8080")
response = client.get_user(GetUserRequest(id="123"))
print(response.user.first_name) # Alice
Quickstart
// proto/user.proto
syntax = "proto3";
service UserService {
rpc GetUser(GetUserRequest) returns (GetUserResponse);
}
message GetUserRequest {
string id = 1;
}
message GetUserResponse {
User user = 1;
}
message User {
string id = 1;
string first_name = 2;
string last_name = 3;
}
# buf.gen.yaml
version: v2
inputs:
- directory: proto
plugins:
- local: protoc-gen-py
out: src/gen
- local: protoc-gen-connectrpc
out: src/gen
$ uv add protobuf-py connectrpc
$ uv add --dev protoc-gen-py protoc-gen-connectrpc buf-bin
$ uv run -- buf generate
That's all - typed messages and Connect stubs now live in src/gen.
Feature highlights
Generated code you can read
class User(Message[_UserFields]):
__slots__ = ("id", "first_name", "last_name")
def __init__(
self, *, id: str = "", first_name: str = "", last_name: str = ""
) -> None: ...
id: str
first_name: str
last_name: str
Typed oneofs with pattern matching
from protobuf import Oneof
match msg.result:
case Oneof(field="value", value=v):
handle_value(v)
case Oneof(field="error", value=e):
handle_error(e)
Well-known types with friendly helpers
from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
from protobuf.wkt import Any, Duration, Timestamp
ts = Timestamp.from_datetime(datetime.now(UTC))
td = Duration.from_timedelta(timedelta(minutes=5))
packed = Any.pack(user)
Seamless reflection
# Iterate over message fields
for field in user:
# Access field name / value
value = user[field]
print(field.name, value)
# Check for presence
print(field in user)
# Assign / delete fields
user[field] = value
del user[field]
How it compares
google-protobufis complete, but generates code with unreadable binary blobs, broken imports, and a hostile API.betterprotoimproves ergonomics, but it is proto3-only. The original project now points tobetterproto2, which calls out active development, incomplete docs, and breaking changes.
Click here for a full comparison.
protobuf-py |
google-protobuf |
betterproto |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Spec coverage | ✅ 100% | ⚠️ Known conformance failures | ❌ proto3-only |
| Type annotations | ✅ Built-in | ❌ Third-party tooling needed | ✅ Built-in |
| Readable generated code | ✅ | ❌ Classes are built only at runtime and cannot be inspected | ✅ |
| Imports | ✅ Relative imports | ❌ Broken without third-party tooling | ✅ Relative imports |
| Oneofs | ✅ Ergonomic, match-compatible |
❌ String-returning WhichOneof() |
⚠️ Tuple-returning helpers |
| Enums | ✅ Python-native IntEnum |
❌ int + EnumTypeWrapper |
⚠️ Custom int subclass |
| Field presence | ✅ msg.has_field("x") with IDE completions |
⚠️ HasField("x") raises for proto3 scalars |
⚠️ Helper-based |
Field assignment (foo.x = 123) |
✅ Direct assignment | ❌ CopyFrom() required |
✅ Direct assignment |
copy.copy() / copy.replace() |
✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Global mutable registry | ✅ Explicit Registry |
❌ Process-wide singleton behavior | ✅ N/A |
| Zero dependencies | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ Includes grpclib, python-dateutil |
Migration guide
google-protobuf |
protobuf-py |
|---|---|
msg.SerializeToString() |
msg.to_binary() |
MessageType.FromString(data) |
MessageType.from_binary(data) |
msg.HasField("nickname") |
msg.has_field("nickname") |
msg.WhichOneof("result") + string checks |
match msg.result with typed Oneof |
msg.Extensions[ext] |
msg[ext] |
msg.child.CopyFrom(other) |
msg.child = other |
0.5.0
Sep 15, 2026
0.4.0
Sep 02, 2026
0.3.0
Aug 07, 2026
0.2.0
Jul 14, 2026
0.1.1
Jun 24, 2026
0.1.0
Jun 23, 2026
0.0.2
Jun 23, 2026
0.0.1
Feb 05, 2026
Wheel compatibility matrix
Files in release
Extras:
None
Dependencies:
protobuf-py-ext
( and ) or ( and )
(==0.5.0)
typing-extensions
(>=4.13.0)